1988 - Zumbi's Legacy Revived in Brazil

On May 20, 1988, Brazil passed legislation to officially recognize Zumbi dos Palmares as a national hero, exactly 100 years after the abolition of slavery in Brazil. Zumbi was the last leader of Quilombo dos Palmares, a self-sustaining community of escaped African slaves in 17th-century Brazil. He led decades-long resistance against Portuguese colonial forces before being captured and killed in 1695. His memory had long been celebrated by Afro-Brazilians but was not nationally acknowledged until this symbolic centennial. By honoring Zumbi on this date, Brazil affirmed the role of Black resistance in shaping the nation’s identity. May 20 now serves as a prelude to Black Consciousness Day in Brazil, rooted in the historical struggle for freedom, autonomy, and racial justice. It is a day to reflect on the enduring power of Afro-Brazilian culture and resistance within the broader global fight against slavery and racism.