On May 11, 1950, Jackie Robinson, the first Black Major League Baseball player of the modern era, testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Though the hearing was focused on communism, Robinson used the platform to speak powerfully against racial injustice and segregation in the military and American society. He defended civil rights activist Paul Robeson, while also emphasizing the patriotism of African Americans fighting for equality at home. Robinson’s testimony revealed the complexities of the Cold War era, where Black leaders were pressured to align with the U.S. government narrative while still advocating for civil rights. His boldness further positioned him as not just a sports hero, but a civil rights pioneer.
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