On May 5, 1949, Martiniquan poet and politician Aimé Césaire released his seminal work, Discourse on Colonialism. In this fiery essay, Césaire denounced European colonialism as barbaric and hypocritical, asserting that colonial powers had dehumanized themselves even as they oppressed others. His critique electrified intellectual circles worldwide and became foundational reading for anti-colonial activists in Africa, the Caribbean, and beyond, fueling political liberation movements for decades.
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