1806 - Joseph Bologne, Chevalier de Saint-Georges, Passes Away — The “Black Mozart” of France

On May 5, 1806, Joseph Bologne, Chevalier de Saint-Georges, a pioneering Black composer, violinist, and military leader in France, passed away at age 53. Born in Guadeloupe to an enslaved African woman and a French plantation owner, Bologne rose to prominence in 18th-century Paris as one of Europe’s finest fencers and musicians. Often nicknamed the “Black Mozart” (though he predated Mozart’s fame), Saint-Georges composed operas, symphonies, and chamber music that captivated elite audiences. Despite rampant racism, he became conductor of the leading Parisian orchestra, Le Concert des Amateurs. During the French Revolution, Bologne also led a Black volunteer military unit fighting for liberty, known as the “Légion Saint-Georges.” His contributions to European culture and politics were remarkable, yet his legacy has long been overshadowed. Modern historians and musicians are working to revive his story and music, recognizing him as one of history’s most extraordinary Black figures.