1909 - Madame Sul-Te-Wan Becomes First Black Woman Contracted by Hollywood

On May 13, 1909, Madame Sul-Te-Wan, born Nellie Crawford in Louisville, Kentucky, made history as the first African American woman to sign a film contract with a major Hollywood studio. While her name is often overshadowed by later icons, her legacy is foundational. She began acting in silent films during an era when opportunities for Black performers were nearly nonexistent, and roles were steeped in racism. Despite these limitations, Sul-Te-Wan carved out a career in over 100 films, including The Birth of a Nation (1915)—a controversial film in which her presence was one of the few challenges to the otherwise deeply racist narrative. Her persistence, poise, and professionalism opened doors for Black actresses during Hollywood’s early years, though few today recognize her name. Her May 1909 breakthrough stands as a testament to both the barriers she faced and the foundations she laid for generations to come.