At a May 8, 1923 session of the Fourth Pan-African Congress held in London, W.E.B. Du Bois and other leaders called for African self-rule and an end to colonial domination. While largely ignored by European powers at the time, the Congress planted the seeds of future independence movements. Black leaders from the Caribbean, the U.S., and Africa collaborated to demand political and economic rights, showing early signs of a rising transatlantic Black political consciousness. The vision set forth at the 1923 Congress would inspire liberation movements across Africa and the Caribbean for decades to come.
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