Marcus Garvey officially launched the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) on May 9, 1916, in Kingston, Jamaica. His vision was clear: a global movement advocating for Black pride, economic independence, and African repatriation. UNIA quickly spread throughout the Caribbean, Africa, Europe, and the Americas, inspiring future liberation movements. Garvey’s philosophy of self-reliance would influence later leaders such as Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Malcolm X in the United States.
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