On July?3,?1919, Black members of the 10th U.S. Cavalry—the famed “Buffalo Soldiers”—clashed with local law enforcement in Bisbee, Arizona. Tensions arose from racial hostility amid the broader “Red Summer” of 1919. Local police had attempted mass disarmament of returning Black troops, leading to armed resistance. The confrontation became known as the Battle of Brewery Gulch. Though little-known, it exemplified post-WWI racial violence across the nation and highlighted Black veterans\’ resistance to racist oppression.
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