On May 1, 1905, W.E.B. Du Bois and a group of Black intellectuals laid the groundwork for what would become the Niagara Movement—an early civil rights organization advocating for political and social rights for African Americans. Discontented with Booker T. Washington’s accommodationist approach, the group called for full civil liberties, abolition of racial discrimination, and human rights. Although it eventually disbanded, the Niagara Movement laid the ideological foundation for the NAACP, which formed a few years later. Its bold vision signaled a more direct and vocal push for equality in the early 20th century.
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