thel Waters, the legendary American singer and actress, passed away on September 1, 1977. She was known for her contributions to jazz, blues, and gospel music, as well as for her groundbreaking roles in Hollywood films and Broadway. Waters was one of the first African American women to break through in the entertainment industry and was highly influential in shaping both music and film. Her career spanned several decades, and she left behind a remarkable legacy.
Gen. Daniel (“Chappie”) James Jr. promoted to rank of four-star general and named commander-in-chief of the North American Air Defense Command.
On October 1, 1945, noted R&B singer and songwriter, Donny Hathaway was born in Chicago, Illinois. Before his death, he often teamed up with songstress, Roberta Flack, on songs such as “Where Is the Love.”
On this date in 1875, White Democrats attacked Republicans at Yazoo City, Mississippi. One white and three Blacks were killed.
The first Black person to graduate from Harvard Dental School is Robert T Freeman on this date in 1867.
On September 1, 1975, General Daniel “Chappie” James Jr. was promoted to the rank of four-star general. This historic promotion made him the first African American to reach the four-star rank in the United States Air Force. Additionally, he was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the North American Air Defense Command (NORAD), a significant leadership position during the Cold War era.
James had a distinguished career as a fighter pilot and played a key role in various military operations. His promotion was a monumental moment in both military and civil rights history, breaking barriers for African Americans in the military.
On September 1, 1875, a violent incident occurred in Yazoo City, Mississippi, where white Democrats attacked Republicans. This was during the period of Reconstruction, which was marked by intense political and racial conflict in the South. After the Civil War, the Republican Party, which had been associated with the Union cause, gained significant support among African Americans and some white Republicans in the South. However, white supremacist groups, including the Ku Klux Klan, sought to undermine Reconstruction and reassert white dominance.
The attack in Yazoo City was part of a broader pattern of violence and intimidation aimed at suppressing Black voters and Republican supporters in the South. In this particular attack, one white person and three Black individuals were killed, highlighting the racial tensions and the violent efforts to disrupt the political process during that time.
This event is an example of the many violent incidents that occurred throughout the Reconstruction era, as Southern Democrats sought to regain control of state governments and undermine the rights of Black Americans.
On September 1, 1867, Robert Tanner Freeman became the first Black person to graduate from Harvard Dental School. He was a trailblazer in dental education, overcoming significant racial barriers to earn his degree. Freeman’s achievement marked an important milestone in both dental and African American history. His graduation is a reminder of the resilience and determination of Black individuals in the face of systemic racism during that era.
On September 2, 1966, Frank Robinson was named the Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the American League. Robinson had an incredible season that year, playing for the Baltimore Orioles. He became the first player in Major League Baseball history to be named MVP of both the National League and the American League, as he had previously won the National League MVP in 1961 while playing for the Cincinnati Reds. Robinson’s 1966 season was remarkable as he helped lead the Orioles to a World Series title, hitting 49 home runs and driving in 122 RBIs that year.
On September 2, 1884, John Parker was granted U.S. Patent #304,552 for a “Follower-Screw for Tobacco Presses.” This patent was for an innovative design that allowed tobacco presses to work more efficiently. It focused on the mechanism that helps compress tobacco leaves, making the process smoother and more effective. Patents like this were pivotal in improving manufacturing processes in various industries during that time, particularly in tobacco production.
On September 2, 1975, the first Black Justice of the Florida Supreme Court, Justice Joseph W. Hatchett, was sworn in. He made history as the first African American to serve on Florida’s highest court. Justice Hatchett was appointed by then-Governor Reubin Askew. His appointment was a significant milestone in the fight for racial equality and representation in the judicial system. Justice Hatchett served on the Florida Supreme Court until 1987, and his career continued to be influential in law and public service.
On September 2, 1956, the Tennessee National Guard was sent to Clinton, Tennessee, to restore order after protests erupted over the integration of Clinton High School. This was part of the broader Civil Rights Movement in the United States, as the Supreme Court’s 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. In Clinton, as well as in other Southern towns, there was significant resistance to this ruling, leading to violent clashes and demonstrations.
In Clinton, the National Guard was deployed to protect the nine African American students who were the first to attend the previously all-white high school. Their arrival marked a significant moment in the struggle for civil rights and school desegregation in the South.
In 1956, many Southern states, including Virginia, Arkansas, and Georgia, passed “Massive Resistance” laws and policies to avoid integration. This included protests, threats, and the establishment of new private schools to circumvent federal mandates. Public demonstrations and rallies were common in opposition to desegregation, particularly in areas where school boards were mandated to integrate.
In Arkansas, for example, the state’s governor, Orval Faubus, famously called in the National Guard to prevent nine Black students from entering Little Rock Central High School in September 1957, following the Brown decision. While September 2, 1956, itself may not have marked a specific pivotal event, it was part of a broader wave of protests and challenges to the Brown ruling. These events contributed to the long and difficult battle for civil rights and school integration that continued throughout the 1950s and 1960s.
On September 2, 1945, during World War II, the United States had a significant number of African Americans who served in the armed forces. A total of 1,154,720 Black individuals were inducted or drafted into the military during the war. Of these, 7,768 were commissioned officers by August 31, 1945. This number highlights the pivotal role Black Americans played in the war, despite facing racial discrimination and segregation in the military. Many of these service members served in segregated units, with notable contributions in various capacities, including combat, logistics, and support roles. Some units, such as the Tuskegee Airmen and the 761st Tank Battalion, gained particular recognition for their bravery and performance during the war.
On September 2, 1945, World War II officially ended with the signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. This marked the conclusion of the deadliest and most widespread conflict in history.
Key points about the event:
This day is now commemorated as V-J Day (Victory over Japan Day).
James Forten was born on September 2, 1766, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was a prominent African American abolitionist, inventor, and entrepreneur. Forten gained significant wealth and success, primarily through his work in the sail-making industry, and became a strong advocate for the abolition of slavery. He was also an active supporter of civil rights and a key figure in the African American community during the 19th century. Forten’s story is remarkable not only for his personal achievements but also for his dedication to social justice and equality.
Billy Preston, often referred to as the “Fifth Beatle” due to his work with The Beatles, was born on September 2, 1946, in Houston, Texas. He was an incredibly talented keyboardist, contributing to many iconic songs by The Beatles, such as “Something” and “Get Back.” His contributions to the band’s later albums were essential in shaping their sound. Besides his work with The Beatles, he also had a successful solo career and played with many other famous artists, including Ray Charles and Sam Cooke.
On September 2, 1864, General William Tecumseh Sherman occupied Atlanta, marking a significant moment in the American Civil War. This strategic capture of Atlanta was a turning point in the war, as it disrupted Confederate supply lines and boosted Union morale.
The events you mentioned involving Black troops during the battles around Chaffin’s Farm in the suburbs of Richmond highlight the important contributions of African American soldiers in the war. Specifically, the Black troops who fought in the battles of New Market Heights, Fort Gilmer, and Fort Harrison played crucial roles, despite facing tremendous challenges. Their courage and dedication were evident in the gallant but unsuccessful assault on Fort Gilmer and their key role in repelling the Confederate counterattack on Fort Harrison.
The 39th U.S. Colored Troops (U.S.C.T.) earned significant recognition for their bravery. This regiment was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for its valor in battle, underscoring the importance of Black soldiers’ participation in the Union’s efforts during the war. Their actions at these key sites were a testament to their determination and the changing role of African Americans in the military during the Civil War.
Jonathan A. Rodgers became president of CBS’s television stations division on September 3, 1990. He was tasked with overseeing CBS’s network-affiliated television stations, a role that involved managing their operations and helping to steer the network’s overall strategy in the competitive TV market. Rodgers had a notable career in media management, and his leadership at CBS was a significant point in his career.
On September 3, 1970, representatives from 27 African nations gathered in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, for the first Congress of African People (CAP). The conference was a significant event aimed at promoting unity and solidarity among African nations in the fight against colonialism, apartheid, and imperialism, while also addressing social, economic, and political issues affecting the continent.
The Congress was also notable for its role in encouraging African diaspora involvement in these struggles, as it brought together African leaders, intellectuals, and activists from around the world. The event was a major step towards fostering pan-Africanism and enhancing collaboration across African nations and communities.
On September 3, 1919, the Lincoln Motion Picture Company released its first feature-length film, The Realization of a Negro’s Ambition. The film was directed by and starred African Americans, and it was one of the first films made by Black filmmakers aimed at depicting Black people in a more positive and dignified light, countering the negative stereotypes prevalent in early Hollywood films. The Lincoln Motion Picture Company, founded by Noble Johnson, was one of the earliest African American film studios and played a significant role in the history of Black cinema.
On September 3, 1918, during World War I, five soldiers from the British Army were hanged for desertion. The soldiers were executed for abandoning their posts and deserting the military in the face of battle. This period saw high levels of pressure and stress on soldiers, and desertion was a common issue faced by military leadership. The executions were part of the harsh discipline the military imposed to maintain order and morale during the war, particularly during intense fighting like the Battle of Amiens.
Charles Hamilton Houston was born on September 3, 1895. He was a prominent African American lawyer and civil rights activist who played a pivotal role in challenging racial segregation in the United States. Houston served as the chief legal strategist for the NAACP and was instrumental in the legal battles that led to the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case, which ended racial segregation in public schools.
His work helped to lay the foundation for the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Houston’s dedication to fighting racial injustice and his contributions to civil rights make him a crucial figure in American history.
On September 3, 1891, John Stephens Durham was appointed as the minister to Haiti. He served as a U.S. diplomat during the presidency of Benjamin Harrison. As the U.S. minister to Haiti, Durham’s role involved representing American interests in Haiti and working to maintain diplomatic relations between the two countries. The position of minister was a precursor to the later position of ambassador.
On September 3, 1891, cotton pickers in the United States, particularly in the South, organized a union and went on strike. This marked a significant moment in the labor movement, as workers, many of whom were African American, began advocating for better wages, working conditions, and fair treatment. The strike was part of a broader effort to improve conditions for agricultural workers, who were often subjected to grueling hours, poor pay, and harsh working conditions.
It is seen as an important early step in the long history of labor organizing in the agricultural sector, though the movement faced significant resistance, especially from landowners and the broader economic system of the time.
On September 3, 1868, the Georgia legislature expelled 28 Black representatives from the lower house after they were deemed ineligible to hold office. The event was part of a broader pattern of racial discrimination following the Civil War, especially during Reconstruction, where Southern states resisted integrating newly freed African Americans into political life.
The Georgia legislature’s decision sparked a significant political conflict. In response to the expulsion, Congress refused to admit Georgia to the Union until the state seated the expelled Black representatives. This was part of Congress’s broader Reconstruction efforts to ensure that Southern states adhered to new constitutional amendments that granted civil rights and voting rights to African Americans.
Eventually, Georgia’s legislature was forced to reinstate the expelled Black lawmakers to comply with federal requirements, marking a pivotal moment in the ongoing struggle for civil rights during Reconstruction.
On September 3, 1865, the Freedmen’s Bureau, established by Congress in 1865 to aid formerly enslaved African Americans in the South, was ordered to stop seizing abandoned land. This order marked a significant shift in policy as the Bureau had been distributing land to freed people, often from land previously abandoned by Confederate owners. The land distribution was a crucial aspect of the Reconstruction efforts, aimed at providing economic independence and stability to newly freed African Americans.
However, the policy of land redistribution faced strong opposition from Southern white landowners and political leaders. In the face of pressure, President Andrew Johnson had already begun to reverse many of the policies designed to help freed people, including land redistribution. The cessation of land seizures, therefore, led to many freed individuals losing the land they had begun to farm, further hindering their economic advancement.
This shift contributed to the broader challenges faced during Reconstruction, as the South grappled with the integration of formerly enslaved people into American society.
September 3, 1838, is a significant day in history as it marks the day Frederick Douglass, the renowned abolitionist, and writer, escaped from slavery. Douglass, born into slavery in Maryland, managed to flee to the North using the alias “Stanley” and disguised as a sailor. His escape was a turning point in his life, enabling him to become one of the most prominent voices in the fight for abolition and human rights. His memoirs, particularly “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,” have played an essential role in the anti-slavery movement and in educating the public about the harsh realities of slavery.
On September 3, 1783, Richard Allen, who would later become the founder of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, purchased his freedom. Born into slavery in 1760 in Philadelphia, Allen was able to buy his freedom from his master, and he went on to play a significant role in the religious and social life of African Americans in the early United States.
His purchase of freedom was a pivotal moment in his life, as it allowed him to pursue a calling in ministry. Allen eventually founded the AME Church in 1816, which became the first independent Protestant denomination established by African Americans. His work as a preacher and leader was central to the growth of African American religious communities and civil rights activism.
eyoncé Knowles was born on September 4, 1981. She’s an incredibly talented singer, songwriter, and actress, known for being a part of Destiny’s Child and her successful solo career. Her influence in music, fashion, and culture has made her one of the most iconic entertainers of her generation.
On this date in 1963, Katherine Dunham (1909-2006). With the “Aida” production in 1963, Katherine Dunham becomes the first Black choreographer for the Metropolitan Opera.
Damon Wayans, the comedian and television actor, was born on September 4, 1960. He is best known for his work on shows like In Living Color and My Wife and Kids. Wayans is also a prominent member of the famous Wayans family, which has contributed significantly to comedy, acting, and filmmaking.
On September 4, 1957, Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus deployed the National Guard to prevent nine Black students from entering Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. This event became a significant moment in the Civil Rights Movement, as it highlighted the resistance to desegregation following the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling, which declared that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
In response to the governor’s actions, President Dwight D. Eisenhower intervened by sending federal troops to escort and protect the “Little Rock Nine,” the group of Black students, ensuring they could attend the school. This event drew national and international attention to the struggle for civil rights in the United States.
On September 4, 1949, a concert by Paul Robeson in Peekskill, New York, was disrupted by a violent mob, preventing the performance from taking place. Robeson, a renowned African American singer, actor, and political activist, had been a prominent figure in advocating for civil rights and against racial injustice.
This particular concert was part of a series of events organized by those supporting his activism, but it became infamous when a crowd of protesters, including many from local right-wing groups, began throwing rocks and chanting insults as Robeson attempted to perform. The riot led to several people being injured, and the concert had to be canceled for safety reasons.
The incident is significant not only for the violence that occurred but also as an example of the growing political tensions in post-World War II America. Robeson, known for his strong left-wing views and support of the Soviet Union during the Cold War, had become a target for anti-communist groups, leading to a backlash against his performances and activism. This event was one of many that illustrated the divisiveness of the era and the personal and professional costs that Robeson faced because of his outspoken political beliefs.
On September 4, 1923, George Washington Carver, the renowned agricultural scientist and educator, received the Spingarn Medal. The medal, awarded by the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People), recognized Carver’s outstanding contributions to agriculture, particularly his pioneering work in promoting crop rotation and the use of peanuts and sweet potatoes. Carver’s efforts helped improve the economic stability of farmers, especially in the southern United States.
The Clinton Massacre took place on September 4, 1875, in Clinton, Mississippi. It was a violent event that occurred during the Reconstruction era, when tensions were high between white Democrats and Black citizens, particularly over political and voting rights.
The massacre occurred after a group of African American men, many of whom were registered voters, attempted to participate in the state elections. Armed white supremacists, including former Confederate soldiers, attacked the Black community in Clinton, killing around 20 to 30 Black men and injuring many more. The attack was part of a broader campaign of violence by white Democrats across Mississippi and other Southern states to suppress Black voting and reassert white control following the Civil War.
The Clinton Massacre is one of the many tragic events during Reconstruction where Black communities were targeted to intimidate and disenfranchise them politically and socially.
On September 4, 1865, Bowie State College (now known as Bowie State University) was established in Bowie, Maryland. It is one of the oldest historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the United States. Originally founded as the Baltimore Normal School for Colored Teachers, its mission was to train African American teachers. Over time, it evolved into a full-fledged university offering a wide range of degree programs.
Louis Latimer was born on September 4, 1848, in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He was an African American inventor and engineer, best known for his work on improving the incandescent light bulb. Latimer made significant contributions to the development of electric lighting, including patenting a method for producing carbon filaments used in light bulbs. His work helped make electric lighting more practical and widely available. He also worked with other notable inventors like Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell. His legacy is an important part of the history of both engineering and innovation.
On September 4, 1781, a group of settlers, including Black settlers, founded the city of Los Angeles, California. The settlement was established under the name “El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles,” which translates to “The Town of Our Lady the Queen of Angels.”
Among the 44 settlers, there were African, African American, and Indigenous individuals, some of whom were formerly enslaved. These Black settlers, often referred to as Los Negros or Los Mulatos, were essential to the development of early Los Angeles. They were granted land and freedom as part of the settlement’s foundation, which set the tone for the city’s diverse cultural makeup. Their contributions, alongside the Spanish and Indigenous people, laid the groundwork for what would later become one of the largest cities in the United States.
The role of African and African American settlers in the founding of Los Angeles is often underrepresented in historical narratives, but their presence and participation in shaping the city’s early days are significant and part of a broader history of Black contributions to the development of California.
On September 5, 1899, J. Ross was granted U.S. Patent No. 632,539 for a Bailing Press. This device was an important innovation in the field of machinery used to compact and bale materials, which was especially significant in industries like agriculture, recycling, and waste management. The patent likely involved a method or apparatus for compressing and packaging materials such as cotton, hay, or other bulk goods into compact bales, making them easier to transport and store.
Leopold Sedar Senghor, a prominent poet and politician, was elected as the first President of Senegal on September 5, 1960. He played a key role in the independence movement of Senegal and was an important figure in African literature and politics. Senghor’s presidency marked the beginning of Senegal’s political independence from France. He was also a key figure in the development of the philosophy of Negritude, which celebrated African culture, history, and identity.
On this date in 1916, Novelist Frank Garvin Yerby, winner of the O. Henry short story award winner, born on this date. He was the first African American to write a best-selling novel and to have a book purchased by a Hollywood studio for a film adaptation. During his career, Frank wrote thirty-three novels and sold more than fifty-five million hardback and paperback books worldwide. Yerby’s first literary success came in 1944, when he received the O. Henry Memorial Award for his short story “Health Card.” Yerby also went on to write, “The Foxes of Harrow,” which focuses on the racial inequities faced by an African American soldier and his wife.
George Washington Murray, born near Rembert, South Carolina, on September 22, 1853, was a prominent African American figure in the late 19th century. He served two non-consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives, representing South Carolina’s 7th Congressional District. In 1892, he was elected to Congress, defeating the incumbent, Thomas E. Miller. Murray was known for his advocacy for African American voting rights and his contributions as an inventor, holding several patents for agricultural tools. While he was elected in 1892, his service was interrupted due to election disputes and voter suppression tactics that targeted African American voters. He was re-elected in 1896 after successfully contesting the election results. Murray’s tenure in Congress was marked by his efforts to address the challenges faced by African Americans during the Reconstruction era.
Our Nig: Or, Sketches from the Life of a Free Black was published on September 5, 1859. Written by Harriet E. Wilson, it is considered the first novel published by an African American woman. The book is an autobiographical narrative that details the life of a young Black woman, Frado, living in the North during a time when racial discrimination and slavery were still deeply entrenched in American society. The novel is a significant contribution to American literature, shedding light on the complexities of race, class, and gender. It was lost for years until reprinted with a critical essay by African American scholar Henry Louis Gates, Jr. in 1983.
John W. Cromwell was born on September 5, 1846. He was an important figure in American history, particularly known for his work as a writer, educator, and civil rights activist. Cromwell was one of the first African Americans to attend Harvard University, and he was involved in various efforts to advance civil rights and social justice throughout his life.
on September 5, 1804, Absalom Jones was ordained as the first African American priest in the Episcopal Church. This was a significant moment in American religious history, as it marked a major step towards racial equality within the church and was a reflection of the broader push for African American rights and recognition in the early 19th century. Absalom Jones was also a prominent abolitionist and social leader, known for founding the African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas in Philadelphia.
Rafer Johnson won the Olympic decathlon at the 1960 Rome Olympics on September 6, 1960. This victory was a major achievement in his career, as he defeated his longtime rival, Muhammad Ali (then known as Cassius Clay), who was also competing in the decathlon. Johnson’s performance in Rome solidified his status as one of the greatest decathletes in history.
On September 6, 1988, Lee Roy Young made history by becoming the first African American to be inducted into the Texas Rangers, which is one of the oldest and most prestigious law enforcement agencies in the United States. His appointment broke racial barriers and was a significant moment in the history of law enforcement in Texas. His achievement is remembered as a major milestone in both the history of the Texas Rangers and the broader civil rights movement.
Foxy Brown, born Inga DeCarlo Fung Marchand on September 6, 1978, is a Trinidadian-American rapper. She became well-known in the late 1990s for her work with Def Jam Recordings and was recognized for her unique style and powerful voice. She gained prominence with her debut album Ill Na Na in 1996 and later collaborated with artists like Jay-Z, Nas, and others. Foxy Brown was one of the most influential female rappers in hip-hop during her time.
Macy Gray, the American singer, songwriter, and actress, was born on September 6, 1969, in Canton, Ohio. She became widely known for her unique raspy voice and hit songs like “I Try” from her debut album On How Life Is (1999).
On September 6, 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Walter E. Washington as the commissioner and “unofficial” mayor of Washington, D.C. This was a significant moment in the city’s history, as Washington became the first person to hold this position under direct presidential appointment.
At the time, Washington, D.C., did not have an elected mayor, and the city was still under the control of a presidentially appointed commissioner. Washington played a key role in pushing for home rule, which eventually led to the city’s first elected mayor in 1974. His appointment was a step toward greater local governance and self-determination for Washington, D.C.
The race riot in Atlanta on September 6, 1966, was a significant event during the Civil Rights Movement. It occurred when racial tensions, exacerbated by economic inequality, police brutality, and segregation, erupted into violent protests. The incident began with a confrontation between African American youths and the police, which then escalated into widespread unrest. The rioting primarily took place in the Summerhill and Mechanicsville neighborhoods of Atlanta, with both property damage and several injuries reported.
This event was part of the broader wave of racial unrest that affected many American cities in the 1960s, as Black communities protested against systemic racism and sought greater civil rights. The Atlanta riot was notable because it occurred in a city that had prided itself on being a model of racial harmony and integration, largely due to the efforts of figures like Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who was from Atlanta.
Leander Jay Shaw Jr. was born on September 6, 1930. He was an important figure in the history of the Florida judicial system, serving as the Chief Justice of the Florida Supreme Court from 1994 to 1996. Shaw was known for his work on significant legal cases in the state and was a key figure in legal reforms during his tenure.
The Atlanta Life Insurance Company was established on September 6, 1905. It was founded by Alonzo Herndon, an African American entrepreneur, and became one of the most significant Black-owned insurance companies in the United States. The company provided life insurance to African Americans at a time when they were often denied coverage by other companies. It was an important milestone in the history of Black-owned businesses and the African American community’s efforts toward economic empowerment.
On this date in 1892, George “Little Chocolate” Dixon defeats Jack Skelly in New Orleans to win the world featherweight title. While some African American citizens celebrate for two days, the New Orleans Times-Democrat says, “a mistake to match a negro and a white man, a mistake to bring the races together on any terms of equality, even in the prize ring.” After this fight, segregation appeared in the boxing ring.
Dixon was noted for his defensive skills and precise style, and for many years after his retirement in 1906 he was hailed as a pioneer of “scientific” boxing.
On September 6, 1876, a race riot occurred in Charleston, South Carolina, during the Reconstruction era following the Civil War. This was a period marked by racial tensions, as the South struggled to rebuild and integrate formerly enslaved African Americans into society.
The Charleston riot was sparked by political and racial tensions between white Democrats and the newly enfranchised black voters, who were largely aligned with the Republican Party. The immediate cause was the efforts of white Democrats to suppress black voting rights and regain control of the state government.
The riot began after a confrontation between black and white groups. White supremacists sought to intimidate black citizens, especially as they prepared for elections. Violence erupted, with shootings, stabbings, and other forms of aggression. Although the riot itself was relatively short, the racial tensions that fueled it would continue to affect Charleston and the broader South in the years that followed.
This event is part of the larger pattern of racial violence and intimidation during Reconstruction, as white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan sought to undermine the political gains of African Americans.
On this date in 1865, Thaddeus Stevens, powerful U.S. congressman, urged confiscation of estates of Confederate leaders and the distribution of land to adult freedmen in forty-acre lots.
On this date in 1848, the National Black Convention met in Cleveland with some seventy delegates. Frederick Douglass was elected president of the convention.
On September 6, 1865, Thaddeus Stevens, a prominent Republican congressman and a leading advocate for radical Reconstruction, did indeed propose the confiscation of estates owned by Confederate leaders. Stevens believed that the federal government should seize the property of those who had been involved in the rebellion and use the proceeds to help fund the rebuilding of the South, as well as to provide restitution for the newly freed enslaved people.
This was part of his broader vision for a more severe and transformative Reconstruction policy. Stevens argued that the Confederate aristocracy had forfeited their property rights due to their rebellion against the Union and that confiscating their wealth would serve both as punishment and a tool for national rebuilding.
Although Stevens’ confiscation plan was never fully enacted, his radical stance on the treatment of former Confederates did influence the policies of Reconstruction in significant ways.
On September 6, 1848, the National Black Convention was held in Cleveland, Ohio. This gathering was an important event in the history of the abolitionist and civil rights movements in the United States. The convention brought together prominent African American leaders, activists, and abolitionists to discuss the rights and conditions of African Americans, particularly regarding slavery, civil rights, and education.
One of the key outcomes of the convention was the formal declaration of rights for African Americans, which emphasized the need for political, civil, and social equality. The attendees also advocated for increased education, the right to vote, and the abolition of slavery. The convention marked a significant step in the fight for civil rights and social justice for African Americans.
Key figures who attended included Frederick Douglass, who was a prominent abolitionist and former enslaved person, and other notable activists like James McCune Smith, a physician and abolitionist.
John Brown Russwurm made history as one of the first African Americans to graduate from college in the United States. He graduated from Bowdoin College in Maine on September 6, 1826, and his accomplishment was groundbreaking at the time. Russwurm’s achievement was part of a broader movement of African Americans seeking education despite the immense challenges and barriers they faced due to racial prejudice.
Russwurm went on to become a notable figure in the abolitionist movement and was one of the founders of the Freedom’s Journal, the first African American-owned and operated newspaper in the U.S. His work as an educator and journalist helped pave the way for future generations of African American leaders.
On September 6, 1781, Jordan Freeman, an African American soldier, is recorded as having died after killing Major William Montgomery during the American Revolutionary War. Freeman was a member of the Continental Army and served in the Massachusetts militia. His death and the killing of Major Montgomery are significant historical events, particularly in the context of African American participation in the Revolutionary War, which saw many African Americans serving on both sides of the conflict, despite the complexities of their roles and statuses at the time.
On this date in 1968, the Kingdom of Swaziland was founded.
The start of Integration for MD public schools, and Washington DC public school, 1954
On this day in 1957, Ghana becomes a free self-governing nation. This country will be the first of the British Commonwealth of Nations to be self-governing.
O this date in 1930,tenor saxophonist Theodore Walter “Sonny” Rollins, a powerful force in American jazz, was born.
On this date in 1859, Co-organizer of North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, John Merrick was born.
Tennis champion, Althea Gibson, becomes the first Black athlete to win a US national tennis championship, 1957
On this date in 1981, Roy Wilkins (80), longtime executive director of the NAACP, in New York passes away.
On this date in 1965, Actress Dorothy Danridge (41) dies in Hollywood.
On this date in 1925, prominent Detroit Doctor Ossian Sweet, arrested on murder charges after shots were fired into a mob in front of the Sweet home in a previously all-white area. Sweet was defended by Clarence Darrow, who won an acquittal in the second trial.
On this date in 1875, Mississippi Governor Ames requested federal troops to protect Black voters. Attorney General Edward Pierrepont refused the request and said “the whole public are tired of these annual autumnal outbreaks in the South.” President Grant and Attorney General Pierrepont told Governor Ames to use federal troops only if the white liners used violence on election day. No violence took place on election day, however, the intimidation tactics of the white liners prior to the election kept blacks and Republican voters from the polls.
Arthur Ashe became the first winner of the U.S. Open Tennis Championship, defeating Tom Okker of the Netherlands at Forest Hills Stadium, New York.
On this date in 1800, Zion AME Church dedicated in New York City.
On this date in 1981, Vernon E. Jordan resigned as president of the National Urban League and announced plans to join a Washington law firm. He was succeeded by John E. Jacob, executive vice president of the league.
On this date in 1979, Robert Guillaume wins an Emmy for best actor in a comedy series for Soap
On this date in 1962, Two churches burned near Sasser, Georgia. Black leaders asked the president to stop the “Nazi-like reign of terror in southwest Georgia.”
On this date in 1957, Nashville’s new Hattie Cotton Elementary School with enrollment of 1 Black and 388 whites virtually destroyed by dynamite blast.
On this date in 1957, Rev. F.L. Shuttlesworth mobbed when he attempted to enroll his daughters in “white” Birmingham school.
On this date in 1957, the first civil rights bill to pass Congress since reconstruction was passed by President Eisenhower, 1957
On this date in 1934, Poet Sonia Sanchez was born Wilsonia Benita Driver in Birmingham, Alabama.
On this date in 1915, the father of Black history, Carter G Woodson, founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (ASNLH) . The name was later changed to the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History in 1972.
On this date in 1908, Writer Richard Wright, author of “Native Son” and “Black Boy” was born.
On this date in 1884, John R Lynch Presides over Republican National Convention
On this date in 1847, John R Lynch was born.
On this date in 1817, Captain Paul Cuffe (58), entrepreneur and activist, dies in Westport, Massachusetts.
On this date in 1823, Alexander Lucius Twilight, born free in Vermont, was the first African-American person known to have earned a bachelor’s degree from an American college or university upon graduating Middlebury College in 1823
On this date in 1816, Kentucky abolitionist and founder of Berea College, John Gregg Fee was born.
On this date in 1806, Abolitionist Sarah Mapps Douglass was born
Early in the Morning on this date in 1739, a Slave rebellion in Stono, South Carolina, was led by a rebel named Jemmy. Early on the morning of Sunday, September 9, 1739, 20 black slaves met in secret near the Stono River in South Carolina to plan their escape to freedom. Minutes later, they burst into Hutcheson’s store at Stono’s bridge, killed the two storekeepers, and stole the guns and powder inside. The group of slaves grew in number as they headed south. Stono’s Rebellion, the largest slave uprising in the Colonies prior to the American Revolution, was under way. Twenty-five whites were killed before the insurrection was put down.
Death of Mordecai Johnson (86), first Black president of Howard University, in Washington.
On this day in 1973, a commemorative stamp was issued by the U.S. Postal Service to honor Henry Ossawa Tanner, the first African American artist elected to the National Academy of Design.
on this day in 1965, Father Divine, born George Baker, dies in Philadelphia.
On this date in 1962, Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black vacated an order of a lower court, ruling that the University of Mississippi had to admit James H. Meredith, a Black Air Force veteran whose application for admission had been on file and in the courts for fourteen months.
On this date in 1961, Jomo Kenyatta returns to Kenya from exile to lead his country.
on this date in 1930, Charles E. Mitchell, certified public accountant and banker from West Virginia, named minister to Liberia.
On this date in 1913, George W. Buckner, a physician from Indiana, named minister to Liberia.
On this date in 1916, Cleveland Call established by Cleveland inventor Garrett Morgan and later merged with the Cleveland Post in 1929 to become the Call & Post Newspaper.
Fifty-one Blacks reported lynched in 1913.
On this date in 1847, John Roy Lynch, served in the 43rd, 44th, and 47th Congresses representing the State of Mississippi as a Republican, born. He also presided as a temporary chairman over the Republican National Convention of 1884 and was the first African American to deliver the keynote address.
On this date in 1977, Quincy Jones wins an Emmy for musical composition for the miniseries Roots. It is one of nine Emmy’s for the series.
On this date in 1974, Haile Selassie I is deposed from the Ethiopian throne.
On September 11, 1959, Duke Ellington, the legendary jazz composer, pianist, and bandleader, was awarded the prestigious Spingarn Medal by the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) for his outstanding musical achievements. The Spingarn Medal is awarded annually to individuals who have made significant contributions to African American culture and society. Ellington’s influence on jazz and American music as a whole made him a fitting recipient of this honor.
On September 11, 1962, a tragic incident occurred during voter registration efforts in the American South, particularly in Mississippi. This event was part of the larger Civil Rights Movement and the struggle for African Americans to gain the right to vote. Voter registration drives, especially in southern states like Mississippi, faced intense resistance, including violent actions from white supremacist groups and local authorities.
In this instance, many African American citizens, who were attempting to register to vote, were met with hostility, violence, and intimidation. On that day, several voters were wounded during the violent response to their efforts to exercise their constitutional rights.
This type of violence was part of a broader pattern of racial discrimination and violence aimed at suppressing African American voters in the segregated South. Voter registration drives, such as those organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and other civil rights groups, were critical in challenging the systemic barriers that prevented Black people from voting.
The Civil Rights Movement eventually led to significant changes, with the passage of landmark legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which aimed to eliminate discriminatory practices and ensure the protection of voting rights for all Americans.
Joseph Harrison Jackson (September 11, 1900 – August 18, 1990) was a prominent African American pastor and leader within the National Baptist Convention (NBC). Born near Rudyard, Mississippi, Jackson pursued higher education diligently, earning a Bachelor of Arts from Jackson College (now Jackson State University) in 1926, a Bachelor of Divinity from Colgate Rochester Divinity School in 1932, and a Master of Arts from Creighton University in 1934.
Jackson’s pastoral career included leading congregations in Mississippi, Nebraska, and Pennsylvania. In 1941, he became the pastor of Olivet Baptist Church in Chicago, Illinois, where he served until his death in 1990. Under his leadership, Olivet Baptist Church grew significantly, becoming one of the largest African American congregations in the United States.
In 1953, Jackson was elected president of the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc., the largest African American religious organization in the country. He held this position for 29 years, making him the longest-serving president in the convention’s history. His tenure was marked by internal conflicts over the direction of the civil rights movement and the role of the church in social activism. Jackson advocated for achieving civil rights through legal means and was cautious about direct action and civil disobedience, which led to tensions with leaders like Martin Luther King Jr.
These ideological differences culminated in a division within the NBC, resulting in the formation of the Progressive National Baptist Convention in 1961 by those who supported a more activist approach to civil rights. Despite the split, Jackson continued to lead the NBC until 1982, focusing on initiatives such as the establishment of the National Baptist Freedom Farm and promoting educational programs within the church community.
Jackson’s legacy is complex; he was a steadfast leader who prioritized legal approaches to civil rights and the spiritual mission of the church, yet his conservative stance during a pivotal era of social change remains a subject of discussion among historians and religious scholars.
Charles Evers, born on September 11, 1923, was an influential American civil rights leader and the brother of Medgar Evers, who was also an important figure in the civil rights movement. Charles Evers became well-known for his activism, particularly in Mississippi, where he worked to improve the rights and living conditions of African Americans. He later became the first African American mayor of a Mississippi town, Fayette, in 1969. His work alongside other civil rights leaders helped to further the cause for equality in the United States.
On September 11, 1885, Moses A. Hopkins was appointed as the U.S. Minister to Liberia by President Grover Cleveland. Hopkins was an African American educator, minister, and diplomat. Before his diplomatic appointment, he was a formerly enslaved person who became a prominent educator and pastor. His role as Minister to Liberia reflected the U.S. government’s diplomatic relations with the West African nation, which had historical ties to freed African Americans.
On September 11, 1851, the Christiana Riot (also known as the Christiana Resistance) took place in Christiana, Pennsylvania. This event was a significant act of resistance against the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
A group of formerly enslaved Black men, along with white abolitionists, defended four freedom seekers who had escaped from Maryland. Edward Gorsuch, a Maryland slave owner, arrived with a group of men to recapture them. However, the local Black community, led by William Parker—a formerly enslaved man and abolitionist—fought back. In the confrontation, Gorsuch was killed, and the slave catchers were forced to retreat.
Following the resistance, federal authorities arrested over 30 people, including Parker and other Black residents, as well as white abolitionists, charging them with treason. However, in the most significant trial, the first defendant, Castner Hanway, a white man, was acquitted, and the government ultimately dropped the charges.
The Christiana Riot became a powerful symbol of Black resistance and the growing tensions leading up to the Civil War. It demonstrated the willingness of free Black communities and their allies to defy unjust laws and protect those escaping slavery.
A reference from the Pennsylvania Gazette on September 11, 1740, is considered one of the earliest documented mentions of an African American practicing medicine or dentistry in the American colonies. Simon, described as being able to “bleed and draw teeth,” was likely skilled in both phlebotomy and tooth extraction—common medical practices of the time.
During the colonial period, African Americans, both enslaved and free, often served as healers, midwives, and herbalists. Many gained medical knowledge through apprenticeships, indigenous and African healing traditions, or informal training under European doctors. Despite systemic barriers, individuals like Simon paved the way for later African American medical professionals such as James Derham (the first recognized African American physician) and Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (the first African American woman to earn an M.D.).
On September 11, 1977, Quincy Jones won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Musical Composition for a Limited Series, Movie or Special for his work on the groundbreaking miniseries Roots. The series, based on Alex Haley’s novel, became a cultural phenomenon and brought significant attention to the African-American experience. Jones’s powerful and evocative score was widely praised and contributed greatly to the impact of the show.
On September 11, 1974, Haile Selassie I, the last Emperor of Ethiopia, was deposed after a military coup led by the Derg, a Marxist-Leninist revolutionary group. The coup marked the end of the Ethiopian monarchy and the beginning of the People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, which was ruled by the Derg under Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam. Haile Selassie, who had ruled Ethiopia for more than 40 years, was arrested and later died under mysterious circumstances in 1975, officially under house arrest. His overthrow is seen as a significant turning point in Ethiopian history, both politically and socially.
Dr. Mae Jemison became the first African-American woman in space when she launched from the Kennedy Center to join Spacelab J, a joint U.S.-Japanese mission.
On this date in 1986, the National Council of Negro Women sponsors its first Black Family Reunion at the National Mall in Washington.
On this date in 1974, Eugene A. Marino, SSJ, is consecrated at the first African American auxiliary bishop in the U.S. He was assigned to Washington, D.C.
On this date in 1974, Haile Selassie deposed by military leaders after fifty-eight years as the ruling monarch of Ethiopia.
On this date in 1956, Black students entered Clay, Ky., elementary school under National Guard protection. They were barred from the school on September 17.
On this date in 1952, Floyd Patterson’s first professional fight took place. He was the first to hold the world heavyweight championship twice.
On this date in 1947, First Black baseball player in the major leagues, Jackie Robinson, named National League Rookie of the Year.
On this date in 1935, Sculptor Richard H. Hunt who soon became known as one of the “most gifted and assured artist working in the direct open form medium…” was born. Hunt did not work with paint, brush and canvas, but with blow-torch, hammer and metal. The creations of Richard Hunt stand in modernistic splendor in public and private collections.
On this date in 1913, James Cleveland Owens, better known as Jesse Owens, winner of four gold medals at the Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, was born
On this date in 1998, Andre Braugher wins Emmy for Lead Actor in a Drama Series for his role on Homicide: Life on the Street.
ON this date in 1996, the talented and controversial rapper and actor Tupac Shakur dies in Las Vegas at the age of 25 a few days after sustaining 4 bullet wounds.
On this date in 1981, Isabel Sanford wins an Emmy award as best comedic actress for The Jeffersons
On this date in 1972, Two Blacks, Johnny Ford of Tuskegee and A.J. Cooper of Prichard elected mayors in Alabama.
On this date in 1971, Fifteen hundred troopers and officers stormed the Attica Prison. Thirty-two convicts and ten guards were killed. Investigation showed that nine of the ten guards were killed by the storming party.
On this date in 1962, Mississippi Governor Ross R. Barnett defied the federal government in impassioned speech on statewide radio-television hookup, saying he would “interpose” the authority of the state between the University of Mississippi and federal judges who had ordered the admission of James H. Meredith.
On this date in 1962, President Kennedy denounced the burning of churches in Georgia and supported voter registration drive in the South.
On this date in 1948, Tony Award winning Broadway singer Nell Carter was born.
On this date in 1886, Philosopher and first Black Rhodes Scholar, Alain L. Locke was born.
On this date in 1881, Louis Howard Latimer patents his electric lamp with a carbon filament.
On this date in 1867, Gen. E.R.S. Canby ordered South Carolina courts to impanel Blacks jurors.
On this date in 1663, the First serious slave conspiracy in colonial America. Plot of white servants and slaves in Gloucester County, Va., was betrayed by an indentured servant.
On this date in 1953, Iyanla Vanzant was born today
On this date in 1964, Tavis Smiley was born.
On this date in 1967, Track star Michael Johnson was born today
On this date in 1947, Geronimo Pratt was born today
US Cabinet member, Constance Baker Motley was born, 1921
On this date in 1940, Blacks were allowed to enter all branches of the US Military Service, when President Franklin D Roosevelt signs Selective Service Act.
On this date in 1874, White Democrats seized statehouse in Louisiana coup d’etat. President Grant ordered the revolutionaries to disperse, and the rebellion collapsed. Twenty-seven persons (sixteen whites and eleven Blacks) were killed in battles between Democrats and Republicans.
Inmates seized Attica State Correctional Facility (N.Y.) and held several guards hostage. They issued a list of demands which included coverage by the state minimum wage law, better food and no reprisals.
On this date in 1987, the famous boxer Thomas “Hit Man” Hearns becomes the first Black man to win boxing titles in five different weight classes.
On this date in 1978, Muhammad Ali, was the first black prizefight to gross more than a five-million dollars gate in the bout at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. Muhammad Ali won in a 13-round unanimous decision and became the first to win the heavyweight title three times.
On this date in 1969, Large-scale racial disorders were reported in Hartford, Connecticut. Five hundred were arrested and scores were injured.
On this date in 1964, Rev. K.L. Buford and Dr. Stanley Smith were elected to Tuskegee City Council and became first Black elected officials in Alabama in twentieth century.
On this date in 1963, Four Black girls killed in bombing of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham.
ON this date in 1945, Jessye Norman, one the worlds most respected opera singers was born. Jessye was known for her stage presence, vocal range, and her ability to convey emotion.
ON this date in 1943, Actor and activist, Paul Robeson, portrays Othello for the 296th time at New York City’s Shubert Theater.
On this date in 1923, Governor said Oklahoma was in a “state of Virtual rebellion and insurrection” because of KKK activities. Martial Law was declared.
On this date in 1898, the National Afro-American Council was founded in Rochester, New York. Bishop Alexander Walters of the AME Zion Church was elected president. The organization proposed a program of assertion and protest.
On this date in 1895, D.D.Palmer the founder of Chiropractic adjusted Harvey Lillard an African America in Davenport Iowa. Mr. Lilllard was deaf and told Mr. Palmer that he lifted something and heard a cracking sound in his back, (Lillard) stated that his hearing was lost after that happen. Mr. Palmer felt his spine a pushed on what he believed to be a misplaced bone, Lillards hearing improved as a direct result of that thus launching Chiropractic.
On this date in 1889, Claude McKay was born.
On this date in 1876, White terrorists attacked Republicans in Ellenton, South Carolina. Two whites and thirty-nine Blacks were killed.
On this date in 1852, Inventor Jan E. Matzeliger was born in Dutch Guyana and immigrated to the US in 1878. He patented a shoe lasting machine in 1880.
On this date in 1830, Philadelphia held the First National Negro Convention.
On this date in 1791, Jonathan Edwards Jr. (1745-1801) preached a strong anti-slavery sermon before “the Connecticut Society for the Promotion of Freedom and for the Relief of Persons unlawfully holden in Bondage.” Edwards was a Congregationalist minister.
Keenan Ivory Wayans’s In Living Color wins an Emmy for Outstanding Comedy Series.
On this dated in 1989, Debbye Turner is crowned Miss America. She is the third African American to win the crown since the inception of the pageant in 1921.
On this date in 1971, Six Klansmen arrested in connection with the bombing of ten school buses in Pontiac, Michigan.
ON this date in 1937, Negro Baseball League player, Orlando Cepeda was born.
On this dated in 1933, Emperor Jones, starring Paul Robeson as Brutus Jones is released by United Artists. It is Robeson’s first starring movie role and the first major Hollywood production starring an African American with whites in supporting roles
ON this date in 1928, more than 3000 African Americans died when Lake Okeechobee flooded Western Palm Beach County, Florida, with a 10-15 foot tidal wave. There are at least 3 mass graves containing the bodies of negroes interned without coffins or identification
On this date in 1925, blues singer Ripley “B.B.” King was born in Itta Benna, Mississipi.
On this date in 1921, Singer Jon Hendricks, was born.
On this dated in 1889, in Sanford, Florida of Claude A. Barnett founder of the Associated Negro Press, the first and only Black news wire services in the US. Barnet, who died in 1967, was a 1906 graduate of Tuskegee Institute.
On this dated in 1848, the French abolish slavery in all there territories.
On this date in 1787, U.S. Constitution approved at Philadelphia convention with three clauses protecting slavery.
On this date in 1991, ground is broken for the Harold Washington wing of the DuSable Museum in Chicago, Illinois. Founded by artist and poet Margaret T. Burroughs in 1961, the DuSable is one of the oldest African American museums in the U.S.
On this date in 1983, Vanessa Williams crowned Miss America. Vanessa Williams was the 1st African American Miss America to be crowned.
On this date in 1973,Illinois becomes the first state to honor Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s birthday as a holiday.
On this date in 1970, The Flip Wilson Show premieres on NBC. It is the first prime time variety show starring an African American male since the Nat King Cole Show.
ON this date in 1968, Julia premieres on NBC with Diahann Carroll in the title role. It is the first modern television show to star an African American woman since Beulah in the 1950’s.
On this date in 1962, Fourth Black church burned near Dawson, Georgia. Three white men later admitted burning the church. They were sentenced to seven-year prison terms.
On this date in 1861, it was the First day of school for freedmen founded at Fortress Monroe, Va., with a Black teacher, Mary Peake.
ON this date in 1861, Hampton Institute was founded.
Jada Pinkett Smith, actress, born on this date
On this date in 1990, Atlanta, Ga., led by Mayor Maynard H. Jackson, is selected as the site of the XXV Olympiad Summer Games.
On this date in 1980, Cosmonaut Arnold Tamayo, a Cuban, becomes the first black sent on a mission in space. Arnold Tamayo, along with Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Romanenko, was launched into space aboard Soyuz 38.
After docking, Tamayo and Romanenko conducted experiments, in an attempt to find what caused space adaptation syndrome, and perhaps even find a cure.
On this date in 1970, Rocker Jimi Hendrix dies at 27.
On this dated in 1948, Ralph J. Bunche confirmed by United Nations Security Council as acting UN mediator in Palestine.
On this date in 1945, One thousand white students walked out of three, Gary, Ind. schools to protest integration. There were similar disturbances in Chicago and other Northern and Western metropolitan areas.
On this date in 1919, Fritz Pollard becomes the first black to play Professional football for a major team, the Akron Indians. Pollard was also the first Black to play in the Rose Bowl.
On this date in 1895, Booker T. Washington delivers the Atlanta Exposition Address at a business convention. Due to his view points, many dubbed his address the “Atlanta Compromise.”
On this date in 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Law.
First issue of Emerge magazine goes on sale.
On this date in 1989, Gordon Parks’ film The Learning Tree is registered in the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress. It joins other films such as Casablanca, Gone with the Wind and The Wizard of Oz.
On this date in 1981, more than 300,000 demonstrators from labor and civil rights organizations protested the social policies of the Reagan administration in Solidarity Day march in Washington, D.C.
On this date in 1956, theFirst international conference of Black writes and artists met at the Sorbonne in Paris.
On this date in 1941, Singer Otis Redding born in Dawson, GA
On this date in 1931, Brook Benton, holder of 16 gold records including “A Rainy Night in Georgia”, was born
On this date in 1881, Booker T. Washington opens Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
On this date in 1868, White Democrats attacked demonstrators, who were marching from Albany to Camilla, Ga., and killed nine Blacks. Several whites were wounded.
On this date in 1865, Atlanta University was founded.
Alfre Woodard wins an Emmy for outstanding guest performance in the dramatic series L.A. Law. It is her second Emmy award, her first having been for a supporting role in Hill Street Blues in 1984.
On this date in 1984, The Cosby Show premieres on NBC.
On this date in 1962, Governor Barnett personally denied James H. Meredith admission to the University of Mississippi.
On this date in 1958, Martin Luther King Jr. stabbed in chest by a deranged Black woman while he was autographing books in a Harlem department store. Woman was placed under mental observation.
On this date in 1885, Pianist Ferdinand “Jelly Roll” Morton was born in New Orleans, Louisiana.
On this date in 1847, William A. Leidesdorf elected to San Francisco town council receiving the third highest vote. Leidesdorf, who was one of the first Black elected officials, became the town treasurer in 1848.
On this date in 1830, the First Negro Convention of Free Men agreed to start their boycott on slave-produced goods.
On this date in 1830, the First National Black convention met at Philadelphia’s Bethel AME church and elected Richard Allen president. Thirty-eight delegates from eight states attended the first national meeting of Blacks.
On this date in 1664, Maryland enacted first anti-amalgamation law to prevent widespread intermarriage of English women and Black men. Other colonies passed similar laws: Virginia, 1691; Massachusetts 1705; North Carolina, 1715; South Carolina, 1717; Delaware, 1721; Pennsylvania, 1725.
Inventor, FW Leslie, patents the envelope seal, 1891
On this date in 1989, General Colin Powell named Chairman of the joint Chiefs of Staff.
On this date in 1966, National Guard mobilized to stop rioting in Dayton, Ohio.
On this date in 1961, Southern Regional Council announced that Sit-in movement had effected twenty states and more than one hundred cities in Southern and Border States in period from February, 1960, to September, 1961. At least seventy thousand Blacks and whites had participated in the movement, the report said.
On this date in 1947, Archbishop Joseph E. Ritter said he would excommunicate St. Louis Catholics who continued to protest integration of parochial schools.
On this date in 1872, John Henry Conyers of South Carolina became the first Black student at Annapolis Naval Academy. He later resigned.
On this date in 1832, Maria W. Stewart (1803-1879) addresses the New England Anti-Slavery Society meeting in Boston’s Franklin Hall on the evils of slavery and the oppression of free blacks. This is often cited as the first time an African American woman spoke publicly on political issues.
On this date in 1814, Blacks fight in the land and water battles of the War of 1812. A large number of Black sailors fought with Matthew Perry and Isaac Chauncey in the battles on the upper lakes and were particularly effective at the Battle of Lake Erie. Two battalions of Black soldiers were with Andrew Jackson when he defeated the British.
On this date in 1814, Andrew Jackson issued Proclamation at Mobile, Ala., urging free Blacks “to rally around the standard of the eagle” in the War of 1812.
Sprinter Florence Griffith-Joyner, winner of 3 gold and a silver medal at the 1988 Olympics, dies. She was 38.
On this date in 1961, Interstate Commerce Commission issued regulation prohibiting segregation on interstate buses and in terminal facilities.
On this date in 1960, Mali proclaimed independent.
On this date in 1954, actress Shari Belafonte, daughter of singer Harry Belafonte, born in New York City.
On this date in 1905, a race riot in Atlanta occurred and ten Blacks and two whites killed. Martial law proclaimed.
On this date in 1868, a Race riot occurred in New Orleans.
On this dated in 1863, the First Black person to Serve on the DC board of education, Mary Church Terrell was born.
On this date in 1862, President Lincoln, in preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, warned South that he would free slaves in all states in rebellion on January 1, 1863.
Lou Brock stole a record of 935th bases and became the all-time major league record holder.
On this date in 1951, President Kennedy named Thurgood Marshall to U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.
On this date in 1954, Playwright George C. Wolfe was born
On this date in 1930, Blind composer, singer and musician Ray Charles Robinson born in Albany, Georgia.
ON this date in 1926, Innovative and famed jazz musician, John Coltrane was born.
On this dated in 1884, Judy W. Reed patents dough kneader and roller, Patent No. 305,474
On this dated in 1863, Mary Church Terrell was born.
Executive Order 11246 enforces affirmative action for the first time Issued by President Johnson, the executive order requires government contractors to “take affirmative action” toward prospective minority employees in all aspects of hiring and employment.
On this date in 1986, Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone said the United States “intelligence levels are lower than those in Japan because of African Americans, Hispanics and Puerto Ricans.” Nakasone later apologized saying his remarks were misinterpreted.
On this date in 1977, John T. Walker installed as the first Black bishop of the Episcopal diocese of Washington.
On this date in 1962, U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ordered Board of Higher Education of Mississippi to admit Meredith to the university or be held in contempt.
On this date in 1957, President Eisenhower ordered federal troops to Little Rock, Ark., to prevent interference with school integration at Central High School.
On this date in 1957, Soldiers of 101st Airborne Division escorted nine Black students to Central High school.
On this date in 1954, Patrick Kelly, first and only American fashion designer admitted to an exclusive organization of French fashion designers, was born
On this dated in 1953, Take a Giant Step, drama by playwright Louis Peterson, opened on Broadway.
On this date in 1935, World Heavyweight Champion, Joe Louis, becomes the first Black boxer to draw a million dollar gate. 88,000 fans paid out $1,000,832 to see Max Baer fight Joe Louis in a non-title bout at Yankee Stadium, in the Bronx, NY.
On this dated in 1931, Representative Cardiss Robertson Collins, elected the U.S. House of Representatives was born
On this date in 1894, Sociologist and author Edward Franklin Frazier was born on this day. During his lofe time Frazier published 8 books, 89 articles and 18 chapters in books edited by others.
Some of Frazier’s writings caused controversy among the black community for their focus on the impact of slavery and economics and how it divided the black family.
Some of his published works included:
The Free Negro Family: a Study of Family Origins Before the Civil War (Nashville: Fisk University Press, 1932)
The Negro Family in Chicago (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1932)
The Negro Family in the United States (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1939)
Negro Youth at the Crossways: Their Personality Development in the Middle States (Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, 1940)
The Negro Family in Bahia, Brazil (1942)
The Negro in the United States (New York: Macmillan, 1949)
The Integration of the Negro into American Society (editor) (Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1951.
Bourgeoisie noire (Paris: Plon, 1955)
Black Bourgeoisie (translation of Bourgeoisie noire)(Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1957)
Race and Culture Contacts in the Modern World (New York: Knopf, 1957)
The Negro Church in America (New York: Schocken Books, 1963)
On Race Relations: Selected Writings, edited and with an introduction by G. Franklin Edwards, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968)
On this date in 1883, National Black convention met in Louisville, Kentucky.
On this date in 1825, Author Frances Ellen Watkins Harper was born. In 1859, she became the first black woman to publish a short story. Her only novel, Iola Leroy; or Shadows Uplifted (1892), was the first book by a black writer to depict the life of African Americans in the Reconstruction-era South.
Barbara W Hancock becomes the first Black woman named a White House fellow, 1974
On this date in 1991, Spencer Williams’s 1942 movie Blood of Jesus is among the third group of 25 films added to the Library of Congress’s National Film Registry.
ON thi sdate in 1962, A Black church was destroyed by fire in Macon, Georgia. This was the eighth church burned in Georgia since August 15.
On this date in 1962, Governor Barnett again defied court orders and personally denied Meredith admission to the University.
On this date in 1962, Sonny Liston knocks out Floyd Patterson in the first round to become the world heavyweight boxing champion
ON this date in 1886, Peter “The Black Prince” Jackson wins the Australian heavyweight title, becoming the very first Black man to win a national boxing crown, 1886
On this date in 1861, The Secretary of the Navy authorizes the enlistment of African Americans in the Union Navy. The enlistees could achieve no rank higher than “boys” and receive pay of one ration per day and $10 per month.
Tennis sensation Serena Williams born on this date.
On this date in 1968, The Studio Museum of Harlem opens in NYC
On this date in 1962, Mississippi barred Meredith for the third time. Lt. Gov. Paul Johnson and a blockade of state patrolmen turned back Meredith and federal marshals about four hundred yards from the gate of the school.
On this date in 1962, A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., becomes the first African American member of the Federal Trade Commission. He was also appointed a federal district judge and U.S. Circuit Judge of the Third Circuit.
On this date in 1957, an order alerting regular army units for possible riot duty in other Southern cities canceled by Army Secretary Wilbur M. Brucker.
On this date in 1937, Singer Bessie Smith dies of injuries sustained in an automobile accident near Clarksdale, Mississippi.
On this dated in 1929, Biochemist Ida Stephens Owens was born. Owens received a PhD. in Biology-Physiology from Duke University in 1967. At the National Institutes of Health (NIH), biochemist Dr. Ida Owens conducts studies in the genetics of detoxification enzymes.
On this dated in 1907, The People’s Savings Bank is incorporated in Philadelphia by former African American congressman George H. White of North Carolina. The bank will help hundreds of African Americans buy homes and start businesses until the illness of its founder forces its closure in 1918.
On this date in 1899, William Levi Dawson, composer and arranger of music, was born in Anniston, Alabama. Among his songs are, “I Couldn’t Hear Nobody Pray” and “My Lord What a Morning.”
On this dated in 1867, Business and civic leader, Maggie L Walker was born.
School integration began in Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Md., public schools.
On this date in 1967, Washington D.C.’s Anacostia Museum dedicated to informing the community of contributions by African Americans to U.S. political, social, and cultural history, opens.
On this date in 1966, the National Guard was mobilizing in San Francisco.
On this date in 1950, Ezzard Charles defeated Joe Louis in heavyweight championship fight in New York City.
On this date in 1950, Charles H. Houston awarded the Spingarn Medal posthumously for his pioneering work in developing the NAACP legal campaign.
ON this date in 1944, Artist Stephanie Pogue was born
On this date in 1940, Black leaders protested discrimination in the armed forces and war industries at a White House meeting with President Roosevelt.
On this date in 1934, Actor Greg Morris was born.
On this date in 1915, Xavier University, the first Black Catholic college in the US, opens in New Orleans.
On this date in 1912, The first blues song, William Christopher Handy publishes Memphis Blues, 1912
On this date in 1877, John Mercer Langston named minister of Haiti.
ON this date in 1876, Edward Mitchell Bannister wins a bronze medal for his painting Under the Oaks at the American Centennial Exposition, in Philadelphia. The award will cause controversy among whites who think African Americans incapable of artistic excellence.
On this date in 1875, Branch Normal College opens in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. Branch Normal College was a segregated unit of the state university, the college is established by Joseph C. Corbin
On this date in 1867, Louisiana voters endorsed constitutional convention and elected delegates in first election under Reconstruction acts. The vote was 75,000 for the convention and 4,000 against. Elections for delegates to the conventions were held in other Southern states in October and November.
On this date in 1862, First Louisiana Native Guards, the first Black regiment to receive official recognition, mustered into army. Regiment was composed of free Blacks of New Orleans.
On this date in 1827, Hiram R. Revels, first Black U.S. senator, was born free in Fayetteville, North Carolina.
Jazz trumpeter and composer Miles Davis died in Santa Monica, California from complications following a stroke. He was 65.
On this date in 1986, Shirley Ajayi was the first African American given a part on a television show as a psychic! The show lasted for about one year[actually six months] in Chicago, Illinois since the show was seasonal! Shirley started her career the minute her predictions came true!
On this date in 1961, Purlie Victorious, a farce by playwright Ossie Davis, opened on Broadway. This stage play was written by and stars Ossie Davis as Purlie Victorious, a flamboyant, self ordained minister. Along with wife Lutibelle (Ruby Dee), he returns to Georgia to buy an old barn and convert it into a church. He seeks out Captain Cotchipec (Sorrel Booke), the aging plantation owner entrusted with a $500 inheritance left by the preacher’s sister after her death. Lutibelle is talked into posing as a long-lost cousin to get the money quickly from the dying landowner. Lutibelle gets the money from the old man with the help of his sympathetic son Charlie (Alan Alda), who is as liberal and progressive as his father is racially intolerant. Religious hypocrisy, racial bigotry, civil rights issues and the changing Southern society backed by forced integration are subjects in this film.
Mabel Fairbanks, 85, the first black women to be inducted into the U.S. Figure Skating Hall of Fame died following a long illness. Fairbanks coached Olympians Tai Babilonia and Randy Gardner.
Mike Powell broke the world long jump world record when he jumped 8.95 meters at a meet in Tokyo. The previous mark-8.90 meters-was set by Bob Beamon at the 1968 Olympics.
Virgie M. Ammons of Eglon, West Virginia “Inside the fireplace chimney is a device called a “Damper”. The damper is opened and closed to allow smoke from the fireplace to be drawn upward out of the house.
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